Which type of analysis focuses on existing data rather than gathering new data?

The correct answer is secondary analysis, as this type of analysis specifically involves utilizing existing data that has already been collected by other researchers or organizations. In secondary analysis, sociologists or researchers analyze pre-existing datasets, such as census data, survey results, or archival records, for their research purposes. This approach allows researchers to re-examine data in new contexts or for different research questions, thus saving time and resources that would otherwise be used in gathering new data.

By relying on pre-collected data, secondary analysis can also facilitate large-scale studies over time or across various populations, offering insights that might not be feasible with new data collection methods. This method is especially valuable in sociology where historical data and trends are essential for understanding societal changes and patterns.

In contrast, primary research involves the collection of new data directly from participants or observations, field studies emphasize immersive observation in natural settings, and comparative analysis typically focuses on comparing different cultures or societies rather than on the nature of data collection itself.