Which term would best describe large urban communities characterized by impersonal relationships?

The term that best describes large urban communities characterized by impersonal relationships is "Gesellschaft." This concept, introduced by sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies, refers to societal relationships that are formal, impersonal, and often based on self-interest rather than close personal ties. In a Gesellschaft community, such as a large city, individuals tend to prioritize individual goals and are more likely to interact with others in a more transactional manner, rather than forming deep, personal connections.

In contrast, Gemeinschaft refers to smaller, community-oriented relationships where social ties are more personal and based on mutual bonds and shared values, typically found in rural or small-town settings. A social network represents the web of social relationships among individuals, but does not necessarily capture the essence of the impersonal nature characteristic of urban settings. Civic groups involve organized efforts towards community engagement and collaboration, often fostering personal relationships but not embodying the larger social structures distinguished by impersonal interactions.