Which term refers to organized collective activities aimed at enacting or resisting fundamental change in society?

The term that refers to organized collective activities aimed at enacting or resisting fundamental change in society is social movements. Social movements are characterized by their collective nature and the pursuit of specific social, political, or cultural objectives. They can mobilize individuals and groups who share common interests and grievances, working together to influence public opinion, policy, and social norms.

Social movements often arise in response to perceived injustices or societal issues, such as civil rights, environmental concerns, or economic inequality. They encompass a variety of forms, including protests, advocacy campaigns, and community organizing efforts. The collective action in social movements is integral to their function, as they strive to bring about significant shifts in societal structures and values.

In contrast, social structure refers to the organized pattern of relationships and institutions that make up society, while social roles relate to the expected behavior associated with particular positions within that structure. Social networks pertain to the web of relationships and connections among individuals and groups, which can be influential but are not necessarily organized for the purpose of enacting change.