Which term describes a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their lives than a dominant group?

The term that accurately describes a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their lives than a dominant group is "minority group." In sociology, a minority group refers not necessarily to their numerical representation in a population but rather to their social status and the power dynamics in society. Members of minority groups typically experience systemic disadvantages and discrimination, which results in reduced access to resources, rights, and opportunities compared to the dominant group.

The concept of a minority group encompasses various attributes, including ethnicity, race, nationality, sexual orientation, and religion, which can contribute to their marginalized status. It highlights the social hierarchies that exist in society, where the dominant group holds more power and privilege.

In contrast, the terms "majority group" and "middle class" imply positions of social dominance or economic status, which do not reflect the power disparities characteristic of minority groups. "Subaltern group" is also a valid term in specific academic discussions, particularly in postcolonial studies; however, it is not as widely recognized in mainstream sociology for describing the power dynamics outlined in the question. Thus, "minority group" is the most appropriate term in this context.