Which term describes a selection from a larger population that is statistically representative?

The term that describes a selection from a larger population that is statistically representative is "sample." In research and statistics, a sample is a subset of individuals or observations drawn from a larger population, and it is designed to reflect the characteristics of that population accurately. By ensuring that the sample is representative, researchers can draw conclusions about the larger population based on their findings from the sample.

In order for a sample to be statistically representative, it must be selected using methods that avoid bias and allow for the inclusion of diverse segments of the population. This can involve random sampling techniques, stratified sampling, or other methodologies that strive to ensure that all relevant groups within the population are adequately represented.

The other terms listed, while related, do not accurately convey the concept of a representative selection for statistical analysis. A "subset" refers to any selection from a larger set but does not imply statistical representativeness. "Fraction" simply indicates a portion of a whole without any context about the randomness or representativeness of that portion. "Population" refers to the entire group of individuals or observations that researchers are interested in studying, rather than a sampled selection from that group.