Which term describes a relatively small religious group that has separated from a larger religious organization?

The term that describes a relatively small religious group that has separated from a larger religious organization is "sect." Sects often emerge when members feel that the larger organization does not sufficiently represent their beliefs or practices. This separation usually occurs because the sect adheres to interpretations that are distinct from those of the parent religion, leading to a focus on particular doctrines or practices.

Sects are generally characterized by a more intense commitment to their beliefs and may also be more inclusive of members who share those views compared to broader denominations. This often results in a more tightly-knit community where members engage actively in the sect's activities and share similar values.

In contrast, other terms do not fit this specific definition. A denomination typically refers to a recognized autonomous branch of a religion that maintains a significant size and influence, but not a state of separation marked by the intense distinctiveness of a sect. Cult, on the other hand, often carries a negative connotation and implies a group with obsessive devotion to a charismatic leader, often outside or at odds with mainstream beliefs, which is not necessarily about separation from a larger group. An order usually refers to a community structure within larger religious traditions, often involving strict vows or organizational roles, rather than a separation based on doctrinal issues.