Which of the following theories focuses on societal perceptions of aging?

Symbolic interactionism is the correct choice because it emphasizes the meanings and interpretations that individuals attach to their experiences and interactions. When applied to aging, this theory investigates how society perceives aging and how these perceptions influence the behavior and self-identity of older adults. It focuses on the social interactions that shape people's understanding of aging and how societal attitudes towards older individuals can affect their roles and status in society.

This perspective recognizes that aging is not just a biological process but also a social phenomenon shaped by cultural norms and societal values. For example, the way older adults are viewed in a particular society can lead to stereotypes or stigmas, which can affect how they interact with others and how they see themselves.

In contrast, other theories such as conflict theory focus on the power dynamics and inequalities that exist in society, while activity theory emphasizes the importance of staying active and engaged for older individuals’ well-being. Sexual orientation theory specifically addresses issues of identity and discrimination based on sexual orientation, which, while significant, does not specifically pertain to societal perceptions of aging. Thus, symbolic interactionism is most relevant in examining the social meanings and perceptions associated with aging.