Which concept is also known as labeling theory?

The concept commonly referred to as labeling theory is indeed known as the societal-reaction approach. Labeling theory suggests that the labels society puts on individuals can significantly influence their self-identity and behavior. It posits that once someone is labeled, such as being labeled a criminal or deviant, they may begin to internalize that label and act accordingly, which can perpetuate a cycle of deviance.

This sociological perspective emphasizes the role of societal reactions in the creation of social identity, suggesting that how we are perceived by others can shape our actions and social roles. The societal-reaction approach highlights the importance of understanding the process by which certain behaviors are labeled as deviant and the implications those labels have on individuals and groups within society. Other theories mentioned, such as situational ethics, strain theory, and conflict theory, focus on different aspects of social behavior and structure, making them distinct from the labeling framework.