What theory holds that society is progressing in a specific directional change?

The evolutionary theory posits that social structures and institutions develop and change over time in a progressive direction, akin to biological evolution. This theory suggests that societies evolve in complexity and organization, often moving from simpler forms to more complex ones, reflecting a directionality in social change. The concept of progress is central to this theory, indicating that societies are not static but are continuously transforming, often improving in terms of social, political, and economic aspects.

This theory contrasts with other perspectives, such as cyclical theory, which suggests that societies go through repetitive cycles of growth and decline rather than a linear progression. Similarly, revolutionary theory does not inherently imply a directional change, as it focuses more on abrupt transformations and shifts in power rather than gradual development. Equilibrium theory emphasizes stability and balance within social systems, rather than a specific directional progression. Thus, evolutionary theory uniquely encapsulates the idea of society progressing in a specific directional change.