What term refers to the disciplined work ethic and rational orientation to life emphasized by Calvin and his followers?

The term that refers to the disciplined work ethic and rational orientation to life emphasized by Calvin and his followers is the Protestant ethic. This concept, introduced by sociologist Max Weber in his work "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," highlights how certain Protestant beliefs, particularly those associated with Calvinism, fostered a culture of hard work, frugality, and efficiency.

Weber argued that Calvinists viewed their diligent work as a means of demonstrating their faith and obtaining signs of their salvation, which in turn contributed to the development of capitalism in Western societies. This emphasis on discipline and a rational approach to life reflects broader cultural values derived from Protestantism, influencing economic behaviors and societal structures.

Understanding the Protestant ethic is crucial in the study of sociology as it illustrates the relationship between religion, culture, and economic systems, emphasizing how belief systems can shape social norms and behaviors.