What term is used to describe a religious organization that functions outside the norms of mainstream society?

The term used to describe a religious organization that operates outside the norms of mainstream society is commonly referred to as a "new religious movement." These movements often arise in response to social change or perceived deficiencies in established religions. They may present new beliefs, practices, or interpretations of spirituality that set them apart from traditional religious organizations.

While established churches and denominations tend to align with or conform to societal norms and expectations, and established sects generally maintain a more defined separation from traditional religious structures, the key characteristic of a new religious movement is its innovative nature and its capacity to appeal to individuals who are seeking alternative forms of spirituality or community.

Understanding this term is vital in sociology as it highlights the diversity of religious expressions and the dynamic relationship between society and spirituality. New religious movements often challenge the status quo, raising questions about beliefs, cultural practices, and the role of religion in contemporary life.