What term did Karl Marx use to describe an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position?

Karl Marx introduced the term "false consciousness" to describe a phenomenon where individuals or members of a particular social class hold beliefs and attitudes that do not accurately reflect their actual social and economic conditions. This concept suggests that the working class, for instance, may adopt the beliefs and values of the ruling class, thus failing to recognize their true position in the class structure and their shared interests.

False consciousness occurs when individuals are misled about their social status and the structural inequalities inherent in society. This misperception can prevent collective action that could lead to social change or class consciousness, which is the awareness of one's own social class and its interests. By understanding the idea of false consciousness, it becomes evident how ideology can shape perceptions of reality and maintain the status quo, as those in the subordinate class may not realize their exploitation or the need for revolutionary change.