What term did Durkheim use to describe the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective?

The term that Durkheim used to describe the loss of direction felt in a society when traditional social controls become ineffective is "anomie." This concept arises when individuals feel disconnected from the collective norms and values of society, leading to feelings of confusion, normlessness, and a lack of purpose. Anomie often occurs during times of social upheaval or change, where the established rules and guidelines that typically govern behavior erode, leaving individuals without a clear sense of how to navigate social expectations.

This state of normlessness can result in a range of social issues, including increased rates of deviance and crime, as individuals struggle to find meaning in a rapidly changing environment. Durkheim's analysis highlights the importance of social cohesion and the role that social norms play in guiding individual behavior, suggesting that when these norms dissolve, individuals may experience significant distress and disorientation.