What term describes the relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, where one event leads to another?

The term that best describes the relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, where one event leads to another, is causal logic. Causal logic emphasizes the cause-and-effect relationship, indicating that one factor or event (the cause) directly results in an outcome (the effect). This concept is fundamental in sociology and other social sciences, as it helps researchers understand how different variables interact and influence one another.

For example, when studying the impact of education on income levels, researchers are typically interested in establishing a causal relationship to determine whether increased education directly leads to higher income. This approach contrasts with correlational logic, which merely identifies a relationship between two variables without asserting that one causes the other. In contrast, hypothetical logic deals with speculation about what could happen under certain conditions, and conditional logic involves reasoning based on specific conditions but does not inherently imply causation.