What term describes a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society?

The term that describes a structured ranking of entire groups of people, which results in unequal economic rewards and power within a society, is stratification. This concept refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups based on various social criteria such as wealth, income, education, occupation, and social status.

Stratification reflects the social inequalities that exist in societies, often leading to distinct life experiences, opportunities, and access to resources based on one's position within this structure. For example, those in higher strata often enjoy better access to education, healthcare, and political influence, while those in lower strata face systemic barriers that can limit their opportunities for mobility and development.

The other terms provided do not encapsulate this idea of structured inequality. Sociobiology relates to the biological basis of social behavior, stigma pertains to social disapproval or disgrace associated with particular characteristics or behaviors, and sociology is the broader study of society, including social structures and relationships, but does not specifically refer to the ranking itself. Thus, stratification is the most accurate term when describing the unequal distribution of economic rewards and power in a structured manner within a society.