What term describes a fairly large number of people living in a shared territory under a common culture?

The term that accurately describes a fairly large number of people living in a shared territory under a common culture is "society." A society encompasses a structured community of people who interact and share certain customs, institutions, and organizations. It transcends smaller social groups such as families or communities by including various groups, classes, and institutions that contribute to the collective identity of its members.

In sociological terms, a society is characterized by a continuous social structure, which includes various cultural symbols, norms, and values that bind individuals together, ensuring cooperation and a sense of belonging. This shared culture shapes the way individuals perceive and interact with the world around them, thus reinforcing the social fabric of their collective existence.

While a community refers to a smaller group of people who might share intimacy and frequent interaction in a specific locality, and a nation typically describes a political entity with defined borders and governance, "society" better encompasses the larger and more abstract collective that involves diverse groups unified by cultural aspects. A cohort would refer to a specific group of individuals who share a common characteristic (like age or experiences) rather than the broader shared culture and territory defined by society.