What sociological term best describes a socially constructed system of categories that perpetuates inequality?

The term that best describes a socially constructed system of categories that perpetuates inequality is "caste system." This concept is rooted in a stratification framework where individuals are assigned to specific groups—often based on factors such as ancestry, occupation, or social status—typically at birth. The structure of the caste system is rigid, making it difficult for individuals to move beyond the social status they are born into. This results in a reinforcement of social inequality, as the caste system dictates the opportunities available to individuals and often leads to systemic discrimination based on these predetermined categories.

In contrast, while the class system also relates to social stratification, it is generally perceived as more flexible, allowing for social mobility based on economic factors and personal achievement rather than fixed categories. The term "hierarchy" refers to any ranking system, not necessarily tied to social inequality in a constructed manner. The "status system" could imply a range of social positions but does not specifically highlight the institutionalized and enduring nature of inequality found in a caste system.