What is the research technique that utilizes publicly accessible information called?

The correct answer is secondary analysis. This research technique involves analyzing data that has already been collected and made available by other researchers or institutions. The key aspect of secondary analysis is its reliance on pre-existing information, which can include publicly accessible datasets, official statistics, or documents. This approach is valuable because it allows researchers to explore new questions or perspectives without the need for new data collection, thereby saving time and resources.

Secondary analysis is particularly useful in sociology and other social sciences where large datasets, such as census data or survey results, can provide extensive insights into social patterns, trends, and relationships. Researchers can apply various statistical methods to these existing datasets to generate findings that contribute to the body of knowledge in their field.

In contrast, the other options represent different research methodologies that do not center on the use of publicly accessible information in the same way. Meta-analysis aggregates findings from multiple studies to identify patterns but does not specifically focus on publicly available data. Qualitative research emphasizes understanding social phenomena through direct observation or interviews rather than using existing data. Descriptive studies typically aim to provide a comprehensive overview of a subject or population without necessarily delving into pre-existing datasets.