What is the focus of study in sociology that examines populations and demographic changes?

The focus of study in sociology that examines populations and demographic changes is known as demography. Demography is a specialized field within sociology that deals with the statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends in population change. It utilizes data on birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and other statistical measures to understand how these factors influence social structures and processes.

Moreover, demographers analyze the implications of demographic changes, such as aging populations, population growth, or decline, and their effects on society, such as economic impacts, changes in family dynamics, or shifts in political power. This area of study is crucial for understanding societal trends and planning for future needs in areas like healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

The other disciplines listed, while related to social sciences, do not primarily focus on demographic studies. Social psychology deals with individual behaviors and thoughts as influenced by social contexts, anthropology studies human societies and cultures across time and space, and cultural studies examines cultural practices and their societal impact. Each of these fields has a particular focus that, while interconnected with demographic studies, does not center on the statistical analysis of populations specifically.