What is commonly defined as a large religion that operates independently of state control?

The term that is commonly defined as a large religion operating independently of state control is denomination. In sociology, a denomination refers to a religious group that has organizational structure and is recognized as a distinct entity within a larger faith tradition, such as Christianity. Denominations typically have their own practices, beliefs, and governance while maintaining a degree of autonomy from political influence or state authority.

This concept highlights the separation of religious practices from governmental oversight, ensuring that individuals have the freedom to express their faith without interference. Denominations can encompass various congregations and community practices, fostering diversity within the broader religious context.

In contrast, degradation ceremony, defended neighborhood, and culture lag do not pertain to religious organization or independence from state control. A degradation ceremony refers to a social ritual that publicly stigmatizes an individual, often used in sociological contexts to describe how society responds to deviance. A defended neighborhood relates to social structures and community dynamics, usually indicating areas where residents take collective control to ensure safety and security. Culture lag describes the period of time it takes for society's norms and values to adjust to technological advancements or social changes. These concepts do not encapsulate the idea of a large religion functioning separately from state interference.