What is a formal, impersonal group characterized by little social intimacy or mutual understanding?

The correct answer is a secondary group. Secondary groups are defined by their more formal, impersonal nature, which is characterized by limited emotional involvement and social intimacy among members. In these groups, relationships typically revolve around a specific goal or activity rather than personal connections. This structure is often seen in organizations, professional associations, and larger social networks, where the focus is on task completion and the roles of individuals are more defined.

In contrast, primary groups, such as family and close friends, are marked by emotional ties and deep interpersonal relationships. Informal groups center on spontaneous social interactions without formal structure, while community groups can encompass various types of organizations that may combine both formal and informal qualities. Thus, the emphasis on the impersonal and goal-oriented dynamics is what solidifies the secondary group as the correct answer.