What does segregation refer to in sociological terms?

Segregation, in sociological terms, refers to the physical and social separation of different groups within a society, often based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. This separation can manifest in various forms, such as residential segregation, where different groups live in distinct geographical areas, or institutional segregation, where educational and public services are divided along group lines.

This concept is rooted in historical contexts where certain groups were deliberately separated to maintain power dynamics or social order, such as the Jim Crow laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation. Understanding segregation is crucial for analyzing the structural inequalities and social divisions that occur in societies. It highlights the barriers that prevent integration and interaction, fostering environments where disparities can persist and grow.