What concept relates to how society views deviance?

Labeling theory is a sociological concept that focuses on how the labels attached to individuals influence their behaviors and identities, particularly concerning deviance. This theory posits that deviance is not an inherent quality of an act, but rather it is defined by society's reactions to that act. When an individual is labeled as deviant—due to behaviors, actions, or characteristics—they may start to internalize that label, which can lead to further deviant behavior and reinforce the label.

Through the lens of labeling theory, society plays a crucial role in defining what is considered deviant. For instance, certain behaviors may be deemed acceptable or normal in one culture but viewed as deviant in another. This concept sheds light on how societal reactions, such as stigmatization or acceptance, significantly influence an individual's self-perception and social interactions.

While functionalism examines how different aspects of society contribute to social order and stability, it does not delve deeply into the specific processes by which individuals come to be seen as deviant. Conflict theory focuses on the power dynamics and struggles between different social groups, often considering how those in power define deviance to maintain control. Social norms describe the expected behaviors within a society but do not account for the process of labeling itself. Hence