What concept refers to the balance of demographic changes in a population?

The concept that refers to the balance of demographic changes in a population is demographic transition. This theory describes the process by which a society moves from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as part of economic development. During the different stages of demographic transition, various factors such as economic development, healthcare improvements, and changes in social behavior influence population size and structure.

In contrast, while population density measures how many individuals live in a particular area, and growth rate indicates how quickly a population is increasing or decreasing, neither of these concepts directly captures the balance of demographic changes over time like demographic transition does. Migration flow refers to the movement of people from one place to another but does not encompass the broader changes related to birth and death rates that demographic transition addresses. Thus, demographic transition provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how population dynamics evolve in relation to socio-economic factors.