What concept explains why certain individuals are labeled as deviants despite similar behavior exhibited by others?

Labeling Theory is a sociological perspective that focuses on how the labels applied to individuals affect their self-identity and the way society perceives and treats them. This concept suggests that deviance is not inherent in an act itself but rather arises from the social response to that act. When certain individuals are labeled as deviants—often due to their social status, race, or other demographic factors—this label can lead to stigmatization, influencing their behavior and self-perception.

For instance, two people may commit similar acts; however, if one belongs to a marginalized group, they may be more likely to be labeled as deviant than the other, who might receive a more benign interpretation of the same actions. This process highlights the arbitrary nature of labeling and reveals how societal reactions shape individuals' identities and behaviors. Thus, Labeling Theory provides insight into the dynamics of power and societal norms, emphasizing that deviance is contextually defined and subject to the influence of social judgments.