What are the penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm called?

The concept being referred to in the question is known as sanctions. Sanctions are defined as the penalties or rewards that society imposes to ensure conformity to its norms. Positive sanctions might involve rewards for good behavior, such as praise or promotions, while negative sanctions could include punishments, like fines or social ostracism, for violating established norms.

Sanctions play a crucial role in reinforcing social norms, as they guide individuals’ behaviors in accordance with societal expectations. This mechanism helps maintain social order and influences future behavior by making the consequences of actions clear. Understanding sanctions is essential for examining how culture and social behavior are regulated within a society.