In which type of social system does an individual's position depend on their achieved status?

An open system is characterized by the flexibility of social mobility, meaning individuals can move up or down within the social hierarchy based on their achievements, such as education, skills, or personal effort. In this type of system, people's positions are not fixed and can change over time due to factors within their control, allowing for a meritocratic structure where achievement plays a significant role in determining one's social status. This stands in contrast to a closed system, where social positions are determined largely by ascribed status—such as race, gender, or family background—limiting the potential for mobility based on personal achievement. By emphasizing achieved status, open systems foster a society where success is attainable through individual effort and talents.