In sociology, which theory would explain the mechanisms behind social deviance?

Labeling Theory is well-suited to explain the mechanisms behind social deviance because it focuses on the process by which individuals are labeled as deviant and the consequences that follow. This theory posits that deviance is not inherent in an act but is instead defined through social interactions and labels applied by others. When a person is labeled as deviant, this label can significantly influence their self-identity and behavior, often leading them to embrace the deviant label and further engage in deviant behavior.

This theory emphasizes the importance of societal reaction and how being labeled affects an individual's position within society. For instance, if society views a particular behavior as deviant and labels those who engage in it, this can lead to stigmatization, discrimination, and isolation, which may reinforce the deviant behavior rather than reduce it.

In this way, Labeling Theory helps to illustrate not just the act of deviance itself, but the broader social mechanisms that shape perceptions and responses to deviance, making it a critical framework in understanding social behavior.