In sociology, what does the "elite model" refer to?

The "elite model" in sociology refers specifically to the concept that power within a society is concentrated in the hands of a small and privileged group, often referred to as the elite. This model suggests that societal decisions, policies, and governance are largely determined by this group, whose interests may not necessarily align with those of the broader population. The elite can come from various sectors, including politics, business, military, and media, and their influence is often systemic, enabled by social structures that perpetuate their power and control.

This model posits that while democratic ideals may exist, the reality is that a select few individuals or families wield significant power and influence, shaping outcomes in ways that may not reflect the will of the general populace. Consequently, this perspective challenges notions of widespread participation in governance and suggests that socioeconomic status, social networks, and institutional power play critical roles in who gets to make decisions in society.