In social classifications, what does 'closed system' imply about social mobility?

A 'closed system' in social classifications refers to a social structure that limits or inhibits individuals' ability to move up or down within the societal hierarchy. In such systems, social positions are typically predetermined by factors such as family background, caste, or other rigid classifications, making it difficult for individuals to change their social status through personal achievement or effort.

In closed systems, such as caste systems found in some societies, the social roles and statuses are often assigned at birth, and individuals are expected to remain within those roles throughout their lives. This creates a context where social mobility is severely restricted, resulting in limited or non-existent opportunities for individuals to advance or improve their social standing.

The other options suggest conditions of flexibility and opportunities for change that are characteristic of open systems, such as the meritocratic aspects of education or vertical movement through effort. However, these do not apply to a closed system, reinforcing the notion that social mobility is minimal in such contexts.