How is a small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation referred to?

A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation is referred to as a primary group. This concept, developed by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley, emphasizes the close, personal relationships that develop within small groups, often marked by emotional bonds and a sense of belonging. Primary groups, such as families and close friends, provide emotional support and are fundamental in shaping an individual’s identity and values.

The defining features of primary groups include their ability to foster deep connections among members and to facilitate a strong sense of loyalty and commitment. This is in contrast to larger, more formal groups where relationships may be more distant or utilitarian. Consequently, primary groups play a crucial role in socialization, influencing individuals through direct interaction and shared experiences.